Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a transformative technology that has revolutionized genomics by enabling the rapid and high-throughput analysis of DNA and RNA sequences. Unlike traditional sequencing methods, NGS can process millions to billions of fragments simultaneously, offering unparalleled insights into genetic information. This precision and scalability make it a cornerstone of modern research in areas like whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and personalized medicine. The process involves library preparation, amplification, sequencing, and bioinformatics-driven data analysis, turning raw sequences into actionable insights. NGS has broad applications, including studying genetic variations, profiling microbial communities, understanding cancer genomics, and advancing clinical diagnostics. Its cost-effectiveness for large-scale studies and ability to detect rare variants have made it indispensable. However, challenges such as data complexity, high initial setup costs, and ethical concerns about genomic data privacy remain. Despite these hurdles, NGS continues to evolve, driving breakthroughs in science, medicine, and beyond.